Mostly written during Eca de Queiroz's stay in Bristol in the 1870s, the book mostly concerns the life of young aristocrat Carlos da Maia in 1870s Portugal, when along with his best friend Joao da Ega he spends his time making witticisms about society and having affairs. The novel uses the Monarchy's decline in Portugal during the late 19th century, as a predominant theme, reflecting its author's own regret at his country's slow decay. Analysis of the book is compulsory for year 11 students in Portugal. Portuguese Realist writer Eça de Queiroz's (1845-1900), satire is turned on the emptiness of city life and of modernity itself.